Physiological Reviews
The direct relationship between tryptophan levels and depressive symptoms and fatigue has been demonstrated by Trp depletion experiments, as reviewed elsewhere [76], and is also of interest in the context of long-term COVID, as recent studies have shown a significant decrease in plasma Trp levels in PASC patients [48], and alterations in kynurenine pathway metabolites have been associated with cognitive impairment in long COVID patients [27], as well as with anxiety and depressive symptoms in COVID-19 survivors 6 months post-infection [66]
Neurochem Res 15:597601 Ricciolini R, Scalibastri M, Kelleher JK, Carminati P, Calvani M, Arduini A (1998) Role of acetyl-l-carnitine in rat brain lipogenesis: implications for polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis
Beyond neutralizing free radicals, ALCAR actively promotes neuronal survival and growth
Discovered in 1905 in red meat, it was synthesized in the laboratory as early as 1927, but its precise physiological role was only elucidated in the second half of the 20th e century
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