Oral nicotine pouches come in an array of youth-friendly flavors, including fruit, mint, and other flavors
The funnel plot did not reveal any significant publication bias
Statistical analysis Baseline characteristics were summarized according to in utero tobacco exposure (yes or no) and age of smoking initiation (non-smokers, late-onset smokers, and early-onset smokers)
Character of nodules: Are they all calcified (suggesting benign granulomas)
Results from unadjusted model (Model 1) were presented along with results from multivariate model adjusted for age and sex only (Model 2) and model adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (kg/m 2 ), metabolic syndrome (yes or no), estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73m 2 ), dipstick urine albumin (absent or trace, 1+, or above 1+), alcohol consumption (none, mild, or heavy), physical activity (regular exercise or not), and low-income status (yes or no)
Female high school students use non-cigarette tobacco products at a consistently lower rate than male high school students