Key Points More-effective 'hormone therapy' is needed for prostate cancer Despite the development of classically termed 'hormone refractory' prostate cancer, androgen receptor signaling remains an active growth-promoting pathway The androgen receptor remains an important therapeutic target in hormone refractory prostate cancer As prostate tumors develop in castrated men, AR signaling is maintained through AR amplification and mutation and the 'intracrine' production of androgen Novel approaches to androgen receptor inhibition are in development and include more-potent antiandrogens, lyase inhibitors, 5-reductase inhibitors, HSP90 inhibitors, and HDAC inhibitors More-effective 'hormone therapy' might be achieved through combined inhibition of classic androgen receptor signaling and other interrelated pathways such as mTOR, EGFR or MAPK This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access $189.00 per year only $15.75 per issue Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF

And no amount of kale or planking seemed to make a difference
This aspect is crucial for understanding the varied outcomes between the trials
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