27,28 Recent studies revealed that IGF-1 protects chondrocytes from apoptosis
All of these register on a DXA scan as lean-mass loss, but none of them are the muscle tissue the headlines are about
Comput Biol Chem
For example, several studies using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy have reported reduced levels of N -acetyl aspartate, a marker of impaired mitochondrial energy production, in the brains of bipolar disorder patients compared with healthy controls [121,122,123,124,125]
Chaithya, Khushboo Punjabi, Christopher Splaine
In one study with body composition assessed for a subgroup, lean body mass (which includes muscle and bone) accounted for nearly 40% of the weight lost