not present in plants Daily requirement: ~ 23 g/day Body stores: 25 mg , mostly in the liver (sufficient for 25 years) Absorption Pathway : In the mouth/stomach: B12 is protein-bound in food Stomach acid and pepsin release B12 from food proteins B12 binds to haptocorrin (also called R-binder or transcobalamin I) secreted by salivary glands and gastric mucosa In the small intestine : In the duodenum , pancreatic proteases degrade haptocorrin Free B12 then binds to intrinsic factor (IF) , a glycoprotein secreted by gastric parietal cells The B12IF complex travels to the terminal ileum , where it binds to cubilin receptors and is absorbed via receptor-mediated endocytosis 1 In the enterocyte and bloodstream: Inside enterocytes, B12 dissociates from IF It binds to transcobalamin II (TCII) for systemic transport Only B12TCII complex (called holotranscobalamin ) is biologically active and taken up by tissues Storage and transport: B12 is stored in the liver (main site), but also in muscle Transcobalamin II transports active B12 to tissues
Dosage, Concentration, Route of Administration Dosage : Seek advice from a licensed physician, medical director, or other healthcare provider Concentration : 50,000 IU/ml Route of Administration : For IM Injection only Resources: Tutorial: How to Open Your Medication Vial Not sure how to administer this medication
By combining the proven efficacy of semaglutide with the supportive benefits of B12, patients can achieve enhanced metabolic rates, reduced side effects, increased energy levels, and a more straightforward administration process
Serious Vitamin B12 deficiency can result in decreased number of red blood cells (anemia), stomach or intestinal diseases and permanent nerve damage
doi: 10.1111/jocd.12360
- Amphotericin B: by the increase in potassium depletion - Diuretics that produce potassium depletion (thiazides, furosemide) by increasing the potassium depletion and the risk of severe hypokalemia
