Discovered in 2015 by Changhan David Lee and Pinchas Cohen at USC, MOTS-c is encoded in the 12S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genomemaking it one of a small but growing family of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) that challenge the longstanding view of mitochondria as passive energy factories.1 This discovery sheds new light on mitochondria and positions them as active regulators of metabolism. Changhan David Lee, Assistant Professor of Gerontology, USC Leonard Davis School12 The Exercise Connection Human studies show that circulating endogenous MOTS-c levels increase approximately 1.6-fold during exercise and remain elevated about 1.5-fold post-exercise before returning to baseline after roughly four hours.13 This temporal profile suggests MOTS-c functions as an exercise-induced mitokinea signaling molecule released by mitochondria in working muscles that communicates metabolic status to the rest of the body
Secondly, the patent area also developed derivatives with additional arginine and amidation, designed for unit formulations
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Is it safe to combine AOD 9604 with other peptides
Individuals most likely to benefit include: Those with pernicious anemia People with gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., Crohns disease, celiac disease, chronic gastritis) Patients following bariatric (weight loss) surgery Older adults with absorption difficulties Strict vegetarians or vegans at risk for deficiency People taking medications that can decrease vitamin B12 levels Laboratory testing usually confirms B12 deficiency before starting injections
