After 28 days, its preservative qualities are no longer certain, and the risk of microscopic, invisible contamination increases significantly
Frequently Asked Questions Does this apply to all GLP-1 medications, or just semaglutide
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gngler S, Wieczorek M, Belsky DW, Ryan J, Kressig RW, Sthelin HB, Theiler R, Dawson-Hughes B, Rizzoli R, Vellas B, Rouch L, Guyonnet S, Egli A, Orav EJ, Willett W, Horvath S (2025) Individual and additive effects of vitamin D, omega-3 and exercise on DNA methylation clocks of biological aging in older adults from the DO-HEALTH trial
Verdict: Limited evidence the available human safety data consists of very small pilot studies, no long-term follow-up, unresolved FDA-documented concerns, and at least one theoretical risk that has never been formally evaluated in humans [4][10][1517]
Mai, J., Majtanik, M
The increasing popularity of off-label B12 use makes understanding these risks even more critical