Patients may not readily admit that theyre using the material, but if a radiologist recognizes these patterns and then tells the clinician that it could be vaping-induced injury, then maybe they could test for a nicotine metabolite or ask the patient about this exposure. Such an approach could help reduce lung biopsies, which carry considerable expense, some risk of complications and additional anxiety for the patient
the authors conclude that environmental factors were relatively more important in ACPA serostatus while the shared epitope may be important in progression to arthritis among those with ACPA positivity
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