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Since we did not observe significant changes in PINK1 and PPARCG1 expression in control smokers, nor in the CSE-exposed BEAS-2B cells, we anticipate that additional factors, e.g
Therefore, this mechanism helps us better understand the cardiovascular toxicity of e-cigarettes
The cross-sectional observational design limits the relationship of causality
Respondents who responded yes to the tobacco use question would be asked additional questions about their tobacco use, such as what products they used in the past 30 days, when did they try their first tobacco product, and to describe the frequency of their tobacco use during their time at the university
E-cigarettes, aka JUULs and vape pens, use a battery to heat up a special liquid into an aerosol that users inhale