In the context of purely elective surgery, it is easier to avoid a devastating complication by refusing to operate on actively smoking patients due to unacceptable risk or require a designated period of complete abstinence from smoking prior to surgery
Tobacco Control Center 2025 [Available from: General Secretariat for Development Planning
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In addition, factors such as well-established brand presence, widespread retail availability, and consumer preference for its distinct flavor and quality are contributing to its continued expansion and prominence within the global tobacco industry
The majority of diagnoses occur between ages 30 and 60
As with drugs, the FFDCAs definition of medical devices includes articles that are intended by the manufacturer to affect the structure and function of the body.6 Unlike a drug, however, a device is defined, in part, as an article which does not achieve its primary intended purpose through chemical action.7 In the absence of direct claims by the manufacturers about the intended use of tobacco products, the FDA relied on other lines of evidence in order to meet this key definitional criterion for drugs and devices