Carnitine can effectively inhibit mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by regulating the balance of Bcl-2/Bax, inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), and reducing mitochondrial membrane damage and the release of apoptosis-related factors [14, 15]
A 1 and A 2" are each independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, -C(Z)-, -C(Z)0-, -OC(Z)-, -N(R 4b )-, -C(Z)N(R 4b )-, -N(R 4b )C(Z)-, -OC(Z)N(R 4b ) -, -N(R 4b )C(Z)0-, -N(R 4b )C(Z)N(R 5b )-, -S(O)-, -S(0) 2 -, -N(R 4a )S(0) 2 -, -C(R 6b )(R 7b )-, -N(CCH )-, -N(CH 2 CCH)-, CrC 12 alkylene, and CrC 12 alkyeneoxy, where Z is oxygen or sulfur
BB is a major gut microbiota metabolite of l-carnitine, and TMA formation from BB is influenced by dietary habits
Kratz M, von Eckardstein A, Fobker M, Buyken A, Posny N, Schulte H et al (2002) The impact of dietary fat composition on serum leptin concentrations in healthy nonobese men and women
There was also a positive correlation between seminal plasma L-carnitine levels, the percentage of motile sperm, sperm count and normal morphology
Inositol may influence fat metabolism and cellular function