Previously, some nicotine products, such as e-cigarettes and synthetic nicotine pouches, were taxed differently under the vapor products tax
[20] However, players and spectators were still permitted to smoke in outdoor areas of stadiums
The easy availability of multiple e-cigarettes brands, flavors and devices on e-commerce platforms, along with promotional offers and deals, serves to make consumers more appetitive
Data availability All data used in this study are publicly available and can be obtained from the WHO, OECD and Australian data agencies
Studies on electronic cigarette use have shown improvements in vascular function and vascular health after switching from smoking, with measures such as flow-mediated dilation improving within weeks
Even among current smokers who are interested in using IQOS to help them quit, public health benefit hinges on whether quit intentions translate into actual smoking cessation over time