[ 35 ] At the federal level, there is no preemption in regard to regulating advertising and sale of non-cigarette tobacco products, meaning states and local authorities have the power to regulate hookah tobacco promotion and advertising and warn consumers of the dangers of smoking hookah
1) even as early as 56 years of age [97], which in itself, is a risk factor for developing CVD
What is the scope of tobacco, nicotine, and e-cigarette use in the United States
In a manner comparable to cigarette smoking, short-term hookah use significantly impaired flow-mediated dilation (FMD), which indicates endothelial dysfunction, but hookah was a weaker predictor for high risk profile [177]
[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Schandel C
Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing